Electrical modulation of emissivity

Electronic modulation of infrared emissivity in graphene plasmonic resonators

Electronic control of blackbody emission from graphene plasmonic resonators on a silicon nitride substrate is demonstrated at temperatures up to 250 ̊ C. It is shown that the graphene resonators produce antenna-coupled blackbody radiation, manifest as narrow spectral emission peaks in the mid-IR. By continuously varying the nanoresonators carrier density, the frequency and intensity of these spe...

Design of Monophasic Spike-Exponential Waveform for Functional Electrical Stimulator Based on Pulse Width Modulation

The Functional Electrical Stimulator design using monophasic spike-exponential waveform was proposed and described in this study. The monophasic square waveform has benefit in generating an action potential, but it could cause side effects such as toxic caused by the electrode polarization. The square waveform signal which the frequency and pulse width could be modulated was manipulated to be t...

Emissivity: A Program for Atomic Emissivity Calculations

Polarization Dependence of Emissivity

where i, r, and t label the incident, reflected, and transmitted waves, respectively. The solution is based on the fact that eq. (1) holds separately for each polarization of the emitted radiation, and is also independent of the angle of the radiation. This result is implicit in Planck’s derivation [5] of Kirchhoff’s law of radiation, and is stated explicitly in [6]. That law describes the ther...

TG35 Emissivity of Blackbody Cavities

Blackbodies are commonly used as a transfer medium in the calibration of radiation thermometers. The ideal blackbody is perfectly isothermal and has an emissivity of precisely 1 at all wavelengths. However, no real material has an emissivity as high as 1, so practical blackbodies are created by forming a cavity, made to be as isothermal as possible, inside a material with a relatively high intr...